7/4/2023 0 Comments Social amnesia![]() ![]() In the dorsal hippocampus, place-cell ensembles that are activated during awake exploration are sequentially reactivated during SPW-Rs that occur during both slow-wave sleep and transient immobility during awake exploration, which have been suggested to play prominent roles in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) are transient, high-frequency, field oscillations that are typically observed during slow-wave sleep and quiet wakefulness and play a pivotal role in the formation of episodic memories encoded in the hippocampus. In vivo Ca 2+ imaging in freely moving mice revealed that a subset of vCA1 neurons is activated by the presence of familiar mice during social interactions however, how the activities of these social neurons are organized and maintained at the fine temporal resolution necessary for effective memory encoding and recall remains unknown. In particular, the ventral CA1 sub-region of the hippocampus (vCA1) contains neurons that respond to other individuals but not to inanimate objects and has been identified as a key locus for social memory storage. Several brain regions have been identified as being associated with the experience-dependent encoding of social characteristics in rodents. ![]() The ability to recognize and memorize familiar conspecifics is crucial for animals that engage in social interactions. These results suggest that SPW-R-mediated sequential reactivation of neuronal ensembles is a canonical mechanism for coordinating hippocampus-dependent social memories and its disruption underlie the pathophysiology of social memory defects associated with ASD. In ASD model Shank3 knockout mice, the proportion of social memory neurons was reduced, and neuronal ensemble spike sequences during SPW-Rs were disrupted, which correlated with impaired discriminatory social behavior. Spike sequences of these social replays reflected the temporal orders of neuronal activities within theta cycles during social experiences. Here we show that vCA1 social memory neurons, characterized by enhanced activity in response to memorized individuals, were preferentially reactivated during sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Although hippocampal ventral CA1 (vCA1) neurons are known to store social memories, how their activities are coordinated remains unclear. By comparing the event taking place in Tuam with other places related to dark heritage and social amnesia, this thesis studies how Irish society today is facing this dark past and how this burial site could be hidden for over 50 years out of a social death and social amnesia perspective.The ability to remember conspecifics is critical for adaptive cognitive functioning and social communication, and impairments of this ability are hallmarks of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It was said that the gravesite was a mere rumor but as more evidence was introduced, more witnesses did claim to have been aware of the possible burial ground. The archaeologists also believe that more children’s remains are still buried there. In the archaeological report it had been confirmed that a minimum of 14 individuals, all children with the youngest being 35 foetal weeks, were found on the site. In 2015, a commission of investigation was appointed to look into the history of the institution and in 2019 the commission published a Fifth Interim report, along with two archaeological reports, containing the information they have collected so far. Accusations had been made claiming that nearly 800 children may have been buried on the site of the former institution. One of these institutions under investigation is the Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home (1925-1961) in Tuam, Co. Post English rule, the Republic of Ireland had many religious run institutions that, at the turn of the millennium, were under many investigations due to accusations of neglect and abuse towards its residents. Victims of trauma, genocide, massacres and abuse in a largely Post-Colonial era would increasingly gain recognition and places of suffering, death and pain would become places of remembrance. ![]() ![]() The twentieth century was a time of social and political changes. ![]()
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